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Carbon-based materials are important in energy storage and conversion materials, because of their different possible morphologies and superior performance. We discuss relationships between the structure and properties of carbon-based materials as the cathode of the lithium-air battery, discuss the importance of structure design and performance control, specify the research priorities for carbon-based...
A facile catalyst-free approach using a simple thermal transport method has been developed to fabricate high-density AlN nanotips on flexible carbon cloth at large scales for use as field emission (FE) emitters. The AlN nanotips exhibit good performance as flexible cold-cathode electron emitters, with a very low turn-on electric field of 1.1–2.3Vμm−1, a low threshold electric field of 1.5–2.5Vμm−1...
This study is the first to report the synthesis of graphene-based RuO2 nanohybrid materials and their application as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Ru nanoparticles (RuNPs) with an average size of 9nm were uniformly immobilized on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with the simultaneous co-reduction of Ru precursor ions and graphene oxide (GO) to Ru atoms and...
We demonstrate a low-cost and simple method to prepare holey graphene nanosheets (HGNSs) by ultra-rapid heating during the process of thermal reduction/exfoliation of graphite oxide. The number density of the holes increased with the heating rate, and the size ranged between 10 and 250nm. In addition, supercapacitors (SCs) using HGNSs as the electrode material were fabricated and their performances...
To exploit the favorable mechanical and electrical properties of graphene in practical applications, control over the dimensionality and geometry of assembled graphene structures is required. Here, we report the use of boiling with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) colloidal dispersion to form self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) RGO structures. The morphology of the resulting self-assembled RGO structures...
Graphene oxide was produced using a modified Hummers method and used to produce a MnSO4–graphene oxide (MnSO4–GO) hybrid which was then transformed into a MnO–graphene hybrid by precipitation with NaOH followed by hydrogen reduction. The MnO–graphene hybrid shows a high specific capacity of 870mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, which is much higher than that of bare...
Due to their nanoscale, morphology, and chemical composition, the tracking and the quantitative analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in biological samples still represent huge challenges. A new technique for the quantitative and accurate detection of CNTs in various biological samples at different scales (whole organisms to organs) was developed using amphibian larvae exposed to double-walled CNTs...
The electrochemical polymerization of diphenylamine (DPA) onto electrodes of Pt coated with highly separated metallic (98%) or semiconducting (99%) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of H3PW12O40 was performed by cyclic voltammetry in order to obtain composite materials based on polydiphenylamine (PDPA) doped with heteropolyanions of H3PW12O40 and carbon nanotubes. Our data demonstrate...
The N-doped graphene domain is synthesized through co-growth of ammonia and methane by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Results showed that the nitrogen concentration, defect density, and doping level increased with the decrease in growth temperature. Notably, the position of N1s main peak from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a significant linear blueshift as the temperature decreased,...
We report a microwave sequential bottom-up route to produce green and blue luminescent graphene quantum dots (g-GQDs and b-GQDs) with size-tunable and switchable functionalities by tailoring the diameter size and functional groups via microwave carbonization and aromatization processes from acetylacetone as a starting organic solvent. The b-GQDs as the final product show only one emission peak at...
A carbon nanotube (CNT) film was used as the current collector and LiCoO2 as the cathode for a lithium ion battery. The battery showed a high initial discharge capacity of 132.8mAhg−1, a high retention rate of over 80% after 500 cycles under 1C and a low self-discharge rate of 1.5%. When the areal density of the CNT film is 16mgcm−2, the energy density of the LiCoO2–CNT battery is 25% larger than...
The generalized Warren–Bodenstein’s approach of scattering on turbostratic carbon was used to fit the measured X-ray scattering patterns of high melting coal-tar synthetic pitch. A computer program adopting this approach allowing fitting of whole measured scattering powder patterns was written. The program enables refinement of essential physical parameters of turbostratic carbon materials, i.e. the...
A sandwich-structured graphene/AgNW/graphene transparent conductive film (TCF) was prepared by embedding silver nanowires (AgNW) network with chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene layers. The graphene/AgNW/graphene TCF exhibited excellent optical and electrical properties (88.6% at 550nm and 19.9±1.2Ω/sq), which outperformed commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Moreover, the graphene/AgNW/graphene...
We present joint experimental and theoretical investigations of the deep-ultraviolet Raman scattering spectra of monolayer graphene thin films. We found that upon a 266nm laser excitation, while the G mode remains pronounced, the G′ mode is not observed. The G′ mode exhibits distinctive linewidth broadening towards the ultraviolet frequency region. The peak intensity ratio of the G′ and G modes increases...
We present an ab initio study of the structural, electronic, and quantum transport properties of B–N-complex edge-doped graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). We find that the B–N edge codoping is energetically a very favorable process and furthermore can achieve novel doping effects that are absent for the single B or N doping. The compensation effect between B and N is predicted to generally recover the excellent...
Morphology-controlled Fe3O4/carbon nanocomposites were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction followed by calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. Flower-like structures, dispersed nanoflakes and hollow microspheres could be readily obtained by adjusting the concentrations of the reactants. Based on the time-dependent structure evolution, a possible mechanism for the formation of the different morphologies...
Fishbone carbon nanofibers (CNF) were functionalised in acidic media using nitric or nitric/sulfuric mixtures in order to introduce variations in their surface chemistry. The textural properties and surface chemistry of the functionalised CNF were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...
Surfactant-free Few-Layer-Graphene (FLG) suspensions were prepared by wet media delamination of unmodified isostatic graphite in organic solvents using a shaking plate for fast screening of favorable process parameters and a stirred media mill as a delamination tool. The achieved FLG-concentration was determined by a combination of UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. A study of wet delamination for different...
Absorbents with “tree-like” structures, which were composed of hollow porous carbon fibers (HPCFs) acting as “trunk” structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as “branch” structures and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles playing the role of “fruit” structures were prepared by chemical vapor deposition technique and chemical reaction. Microwave reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of Fe3O4–CNTs–HPCFs...
Mechanically Stimulated Gas Emission (MSGE) spectroscopy was used for investigation into tribochemical reactions and gas emission for four types of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) coatings, which were obtained by either ion beam deposition (IBD) or plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The results of statistical analysis, which was employed to identify the components of the emitted...
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